. The national emergency telephone number is 911. OSAC Registry. The Federal Center took over registration functions nationwide on November 3 and was preparing to launch a national union registry to contain all files related to union registration and statutes, collective bargaining agreements, and union financial statements. Informal workers lacked access to social protection mechanisms such as health care and retirement benefits. We do know that Cuba has relatively few guns, and violent crime is fairly uncommon. The governments failure to enforce labor laws left workers with little recourse for violations of freedom of association, poor working conditions, and other labor provisions in states that had not yet implemented the new labor justice model. Federal law specifically proscribes discrimination based on ethnicity, nationality, gender, age, disability, social status, health, religion, immigration status, political opinion, sexual preference, marital status, or pregnancy. The government had minimal presence in the ownership of news media but remained a significant source of advertising revenue for many media organizations, which at times influenced coverage. The Federal Center, however, estimated that only 10 to 15 percent of those collective bargaining agreements would undergo a legitimization vote because the worksite where the agreement was valid had closed, the work for which the agreement was negotiated had concluded, or the contract was a protection contract held by a nonrepresentative union. On October 1, a judge sentenced Fidel Figueroa, mayor of Zacualpan, state of Mexico, to 236 years in prison for murder. The list named at least 50 persons linked to President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, politicians from every party, as well as journalists, lawyers, activists, prosecutors, diplomats, judges, and academics. Access to justice was limited. In-country Movement: There were numerous instances of armed groups limiting the movements of migrants, including by threats and acts of kidnapping, extortion, and homicide. In 2019 the Federal Police was disbanded, and in May 2020 all remaining assets and personnel transferred to the National Guard. NGOs stated authorities failed to investigate torture allegations adequately. The law also provides for the rights of appeal and of bail in most categories of crimes. When authorities fail to accept a recommendation, the CNDH makes that known publicly. In the first six months of the year, Article 19 registered 362 attacks against journalists and accused public officials of committing 134 of them. Under the accusatorial system, judges conduct all hearings and trials and follow the principles of public access and cross-examination. OSAC encourages travelers to use this report to gain baseline knowledge of security conditions in Venezuela. Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador of the MORENA party coalition won the presidential election in generally free and fair multiparty elections in 2018. The law requires children younger than 18 to complete compulsory basic education and to have a medical certificate to work. Civil society groups claimed police routinely subjected LGBTQI+ persons to mistreatment while in custody. According to the Interior Secretariat, between 2018 and July assailants killed seven journalists and two defenders under protection of the mechanism. Several outbreaks of COVID-19 resulted in multiple deaths. The INE sanctioned 107 persons for gender-based political violence. On June 17, while journalist Gustavo Sanchez Cabrera was riding his motorcycle, two unidentified individuals in a car crashed into him, exited the car, and fatally shot him. According to INEGIs 2016 National Survey on the Dynamics of Household Relationships, 22 percent of working women reported experiencing labor discrimination within the previous 12 months. According to the NGO Christian Solidarity Worldwide, Catholic-majority communities sometimes discriminated, harassed, threatened, displaced, denied basic services, and destroyed the property of individuals who left Catholicism. Disappearances remained a persistent problem throughout the country, especially in areas with high levels of cartel or gang-related violence. Do not travel to the Colombian border area in the Loreto Region because of crime, or the area in central Peru known as the Valley of the Rivers Apurimac, Ene, and Mantaro (VRAEM) because of crime and terrorism. As of September no alleged perpetrators of the disappearances had been convicted, and 78 of those initially accused were released due to lack of evidence, generally due to irregularities in their detention, including confessions obtained through torture. Migrants were also recruited by criminal organizations to conduct illicit activities. Media monopolies, especially in small markets, at times constrained freedom of expression. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. He was a member of a search collective and the state search commission. Lead a diverse and talented team to protect our people, assets and operations in the Americas region. Mexico is safer than many cities in the U.S. More than 150,000 Americans safely visit Mexico every day. Authorities sometimes failed to respect court orders, and arrest warrants were sometimes ignored. In 2020 the STPS Federal Labor Inspectorate conducted almost 30,000 labor inspections nationwide but reported finding only one case of child labor. The law prohibits compulsory overtime. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) 2016 survey, 18 percent of women ages 15 and older reported having experienced physical violence at the hands of their current or most recent partner, and 6.5 percent reported having experienced sexual violence. Authorities held some detainees under house arrest. According to civil society organizations, up to 3,250 persons, mostly women and children from indigenous communities, were forcibly displaced in July in Chenalho and Pantelho, Chiapas, due to territorial disputes between armed groups. Political parties nominated more female candidates for public office in the midterm elections than ever before, including half of their candidates for governor in the 15 races up for election. The law prohibits such practices and requires search warrants. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the median salary for full-time female employees was 19 percent less than that of full-time male employees. On January 14, community leaders went to the municipal headquarters of Ayutla de los Libres, Guerrero, to urge revocation of Protestant families local property rights for refusing to participate in the construction and servicing of the local Catholic church. The government has an established procedure for determining refugee status and providing protections. By law attorneys are required to meet professional qualifications to represent a defendant. Approximately 23 percent of informal workers (6.8 million persons) were employed by formal businesses or organizations but paid in cash off the books to evade taxes and social security payments. Between August 23 and August 27, hundreds of migrants from Haiti, Cuba, and Central America protested in front of the National Migration Institute offices in Tapachula, Chiapas, to demand expedited refugee proceedings that would allow them to move freely throughout the country. Ramos had been searching for her missing husband for the previous seven months as a member of two search collectives. The Jalisco government disarmed the municipal police force of Ixtlahuacan and turned over public security duties to the National Guard and the Jalisco Secretariat for Public Security. Various news outlets showed a video of two National Migration Institute agents with riot gear and shields grabbing one migrant, knocking him to the ground, and kicking him. This was in a street in Coyoacan, which . Institutionalized persons with disabilities often lacked adequate medical care and rehabilitation services, privacy, and clothing; they often ate, slept, and bathed in unhygienic conditions. As of September 13, three municipal police officers from Ixtlahuacan de los Membrillos, Jalisco, remained in pretrial detention for the killing of Giovanni Lopez. The government deployed hundreds of security forces to contain the caravan. As of October the Special Unit for the Investigation and Litigation of the Ayotzinapa case had arrested more than 80 suspects, including army captain Jose Martinez Crespo, an Iguala municipal police officer, and the Iguala municipal police chief. Security and violence in Mexico will remain significant challenges in the foreseeable future. Human rights and environmental activists, many from indigenous communities, continued to be targets of violence. On January 11, the government ended migratory detention for children. Governmental Posture Towards International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Abuses of Human Rights, Section 6. Security forces responded by killing four suspects and arresting 25. On February 6, the federal Law Against Digital Harassment took effect. The CNDH may call on government authorities to impose administrative sanctions or pursue criminal charges against officials, but it is not authorized to impose penalties or legal sanctions. Federal funding assisted the operation of more than 69 shelters, external attention centers, emergency houses, and transition houses. In addition to shelters, womens justice centers provided services including legal, psychological, and protective; however, the number of cases far surpassed institutional capacity. The CABs were widely alleged to administer these elections with a bias against new, independent unions. Public buildings and facilities often did not comply with the law requiring access for persons with disabilities. Hundreds of thousands of workers continued to work in foreign-owned factories, mainly in northern border states, producing electronics, medical equipment, and auto parts. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. In July 2020 authorities extradited Lozoya, former director of PEMEX, the state-owned petroleum company, from Spain. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. As of July 13, a total of 3,501 prisoners had contracted COVID-19 and 75,162 had received vaccines, according to the CNDH. The United States Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) has issued a travel advisory for Americans planning to travel to Mexico for spring break. Conflicts arose from the interpretation of indigenous communities self-governing normative systems. Uses and customs laws apply traditional practices to resolve disputes, choose local officials, and collect taxes, with limited federal or state government involvement. Criminal groups became increasingly involved in the illegal timber trade in Chihuahua, which accounted for 70 percent of the wood consumed in the country. Documentation supporting a persons identity and origin was lacking. Reproductive Rights: There were no confirmed reports of coerced abortion or involuntary sterilization on the part of government authorities. Freedom of Expression for Members of the Press and Media, Including Online Media: Independent media were active and expressed a wide variety of views without restriction but often self-censored due to fear of reprisal. In July the Sonora State Prosecutor Generals Office detained Rojos alleged killer. In 2019 the Prosecutor Generals Office opened a corruption investigation against Lozoya for receiving up to $10 million in bribes from the Brazilian construction firm Odebrecht. Penalties for law violations regarding occupational safety and health regulations were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced. Twitter users posted threats against journalists. The National Guard and state and municipal police are responsible for enforcing the law and maintaining order. In April authorities arrested 30 members of the navy and charged them with forced disappearances in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, in 2018. The government increased the CNB budget 8 percent over the 2020 budget. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation. They were vulnerable to abuse from staff members, other patients, or guests at facilities where there was inadequate supervision. Here, I headed up corporate advancement and security operations, managing over 400+ employees within a comprehensive security and investigation service firm. Some cases dated back to the 1960s, but the vast majority occurred since 2006. Before a strike may take place, a union must file a notice to strike with the appropriate CAB, or the appropriate labor court once they are operational. On June 6, authorities arrested former Nayarit governor Roberto Sandoval and his daughter Lidy Alejandra Sandoval Lopez for corruption and money laundering. Federal law criminalizes spousal abuse. As of August 23, Marin was awaiting trial. Organized criminal groups were implicated in numerous killings, acting with impunity and at times in collusion with corrupt federal, state, local, and security officials. As of July the CNB reported that there were 89,572 missing or disappeared persons in the country. Freedom Houses 2021 Freedom on the Net report categorized the countrys internet as partly free, noting concerns regarding online manipulation tactics, potential for politicized content removals, high levels of violence against digital reporters, and investigations surrounding abusive surveillance practices. requires a written warrant of arrest except in cases where an individual is caught in the act of committing a crime. VFelbabBrown. Spousal rape is criminalized in 26 of the 32 states. new pdhpe units of work stage 2; reading process worksheet. News reports indicated poor working conditions in some factories. There were reports of journalists practicing self-censorship due to threats from criminal groups and government officials. The Executive Secretariat of the National Public Security System reported more than 1,889 killings of women, including 672 femicides, from January to September. Forced labor persisted in the domestic service and in child-care, manufacturing, mining, food-processing, construction, tourism, begging, street-vending, leather-goods-production, and agriculture sectors, especially in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes. Women tended to earn substantially less than men did for the same work. As in 2020, NGOs in Campeche and Yucatan submitted multiple civil injunctions against the project citing a lack of transparency regarding environmental impact assessments and adverse effects on indigenous cultural heritage. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence, a. with disabilities attended school at a lower rate than those without disabilities. 345 long rd, pittsburgh, pa 15235 The pension was 2,550 pesos ($125) every two months. The 10 most dangerous cities in the world mapped. See state summaries and advisory levels below for information on your specific travel destination. Responsibility for registration of unions and collective bargaining agreements, including amendments to their statutes, shifted to the Federal Conciliation and Labor Registration Center in November 2020 for the eight phase-one states. Only 7.5 percent of the members of the executive boards of publicly traded domestic companies were female, and men held 64 percent of managerial positions throughout the country. In April authorities arrested and prosecuted Alexis Rafael Valadez Vazquez under the new law for publishing intimate photographs of women online, without their consent, to extort them. Authorities generally apprehended persons with warrants based on evidence and issued by a judge, although this was . Authorities accused the suspects of smuggling 20 to 80 migrants per day through Baja California into the United States for more than a decade. On October 7, the army relieved Colonel Miguel Angel Ramirez Canchola, accused of ordering the killings, of his posting, but as of October prosecutors had not taken action against the soldiers. Barriers to accessing contraceptives stemmed from lack of knowledge, poverty, lack of access to health services, and sexual violence from family members, strangers, or friends. 08/25/20 (written by aahrensvquez)-Justice in Mexico released its latest working paper "Organized Crime and Violence in Guanajuato" by Laura Y. Caldern on Thursday. In August the Mexico City congress approved a reform allowing LGBTQI+ children ages 12 years and older to legally change their gender on their birth certificate. The law describes femicide as a gender-based murder under any of the following seven circumstances: signs of sexual violence, previous violence, emotional connection to the perpetrator, previous threats, harassment history, victim held incommunicado prior to deprivation of life, or victims body exposure in a public place. According to labor rights NGOs, employers in all sectors sometimes used the illegal hours bank approach requiring long hours when the workload is heavy and cutting down hours when it is light to avoid compensating workers for overtime. In August Yucatan passed a law legalizing same-sex marriage, increasing the number of states making it legal to 22 of the countrys 32 states. The third and fourth stages will be complete in 2021, extending the tramline to the Luxembourg Airport, the Luxembourg train station, and the neighborhood of Cloche d'Or. Penalties for violations of the law were commensurate with those for other similar laws. Police occasionally failed to provide impoverished detainees access to counsel during arrests and investigations as provided for by law, although the right to public defense during trial was generally respected. OSAC has developed into an enormously successful joint venture, with U.S. companies and organizations receiving the tools they need to cope with security issues in a . Subcontracting is allowed if it is used to perform specialized services unrelated to the main economic activity of businesses or public institutions. Members of the Mayan community in Campeche reported the National Tourism Board pressured them to cease protesting and agree to leave their lands. In July the secretary of the navy publicly apologized to families of the victims, marking the first time the armed forces apologized for committing forced disappearances. From January to June, the CNDH received nine complaints accusing government agents of forced disappearances, including five against the army and four against the National Guard. In a June International Organization for Migration survey, 20 percent of citizens and 35 percent of third-country migrants reported using a smuggler to arrive to the U.S.-Mexico border. Many companies evaded taxes and social security payments by employing workers through subcontracting regimes or by submitting falsified payroll records to the Mexican Social Security Institute. Around 191,000 people were internally displaced between 2004 and 2018, the Honduran government reported, and more than 75,000 Hondurans sought asylum abroad in 2017. Workers argued that the protectionist union holding the collective bargaining agreement pressured workers to legitimize the agreement, offered bribes, and tampered with ballots. The elections were generally free and fair. Online discrimination, harassment, and threats were problems particularly for women journalists and politicians, as well as any individuals and organizations advocating for womens rights. With a constituency of 4,600 U.S. companies and other organizations with . Womens rights activists supported the law as critical to combat the increasingly prevalent problem of online sexual harassment. Moreover, security is one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy. Children performed dangerous tasks in agriculture in the production of beans, chili peppers, coffee, cucumbers, eggplants, melons, onions, tomatoes, and tobacco. Informal workers were in every sector of the economy, with agriculture as the sector with the greatest number of informal workers.
